Syntax and Grammar: Understanding Phrases, Clauses, and Valency Patterns - Prof. Piatto, Sintesi del corso di Linguistica Inglese

Scarica Syntax and Grammar: Understanding Phrases, Clauses, and Valency Patterns - Prof. Piatto e più Sintesi del corso in PDF di Linguistica Inglese solo su Docsity! Syntax: the way in which words combine to form larger grammatical units of meaning (morphology of sentence) Grammatical units classification: syntactic role (subject/object), internal structure, meaning (information) and use (registers) PHRASE: small group of words which form an unit that can be part of a clause; they can be identified by substitution (pronoun) or movement CLASSIFICATION (according to the HEAD) e NOUN PHRASE: introduced by a determiner, can contain a modifier (attributo). e VERB PHRASE: head is always a lexical verb. FINITE/NON FINITE: show tenses/-ing, -ed e ADJECTIVE PHRASE: attributive function (before the noun); subject predicative (completes verb) e ADVERBPHRASE: expresses manner, time, place, degree e PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE: linking function. they can behave as an adverb (where?) or complement following a noun (teacher of maths) CLAUSES: key unit of syntax, capable of occurring alone (expression of a complete thought). The verb phrase is the central element VALENCY PATTERN: series of elements that follow the verb e Intransitive (S+V) ‘they disappeared at the party” e Monotransitive (S+V+DO) “they parked the car” e Copular (S+V+A) “I was mad” / (S+V+SP) “I was in my room” e Distransitive (S+V+IO+DO) “I gave her the gift” e Complex transitive (S+V+IO+A/OP) “that makes me mad” SUBJECT: nominative/accusative, doer/agent in the action, always expressed (dummy pronoun) OBJECT: in accusative case, direct/indirect PERIPHERAL ELEMENTS: conjunctions, parenthetical, prefaces (tema sospeso), inserts (right?), tags (isn't she?), vocatives