Scarica Geopolitics of the Arctic Ocean: Resources, Climate Change, and International Relations e più Slide in PDF di Diritto solo su Docsity! THE FUTURE GEOPOLITICS OF THE ARTIC OCEAN by -student’s name and class- THE ARTIC OCEAN: WHAT IS IT? -It’s the smallest and northernmost of the world’s oceans, which centers approximately on the North Pole -Current annual surface average temperature: 2°C -Inhabited by more than 4 millions of people, including ancient indigenous group their lifestyle is adapted to environmental situation -Rigid temperatures and mostly-dark environments constitute a main problem for studying this area: it would be much more object of interest if it was more accessible 1. WHICH ARE THE COUNTRIES INVOLVED? -The lands of the Artic Circle belong to eight countries: Finland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark (Greenland), Iceland, Russia, USA (Alaska) and Canada members of United Nations Convention on the Law of the Artic Sea -Each country has an exclusive zone that extends approximately 200 miles -Melting ices will soon create more accessible areas debates and controversies for the expansion of the land
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-The artic it’s a place full of resources of different types: 1. Under its surface there’s estimated the 30% of world’s undiscovered natural gases 412 billions of barrels of oil 2. It’s rich of enormous mineral deposits, as phosphate, bauxite, diamond, iron, gold and zinc 3. It’s full of deposits of rare earths, indispensable for nowadays society costruction of technologies (phones, photovoltaic pannels, batteries) 1. FOR WHAT LAYS UNDER ITS SURFACE AN EXTRA COUNTRY: CHINA -China is trying to enter inside the Artic council 1. IT’S STRENGHTENING ARTIC CAPABILITIES: -in September 2017, China launched the most powerful icebreaker ever built in the country: Xue Long 2 2. IT WOULD GET LOTS OF ADVANTAGES: -previously mentioned ones (underwaters elements + routes) -new shipping trades for the “New Silk Road” to introduce in the “Belt and Road” program 40% of time saved l less risky than the Suez Canal l a Moscow
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AN EXTRA COUNTRY: CHINA 3. ITS POSSIBLE ENTRANCE INSIDE THE ARTIC COUNCIL IS BEING DISCUSSED A LOT: -little countries: agree and see a possible advantage from a relationship -big countries: see this as a strategic interest and possible future enemy -However, Beijing claimed that the reason for this interest is scientific research on the effects of climate change;l -“China really wants to put itself in a position whereby, should there be some kind of scramble or push for Arctic resources, China would be well placed to take advantage of that”; -Marc Lanteigne
