Globalization: Economic, Social, and Cultural Connections and Consequences, Appunti di Inglese

Scarica Globalization: Economic, Social, and Cultural Connections and Consequences e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! GLOBALIZATION Globalization is a movement analysed on a social, economic, cultural and politic level. When we talk about globalization we refer to the connection of all economies around the word. But it is also a factor of culture, social and technology, in fact the INTERNET has brought to a better communication between all the countries. So, as a consequence it’s good saying that globalization is a positive process, but, on the downside, globalization also brings to GLOBAL WARMING and POLLUTION of the environment around the world, because of the massive presence of the industries. THE CONSEQUENCES As every process, globalization has its own consequences. It brings more FLEXIBILITY, but at the same time it also leads to LESS JOB STABILITY, so jobs are not stable, but temporary. When we talk about flexility we refer to a work organization, where employees have irregular working periods and are given SEASONAL JOBS by companies. The leaders of flexible work are USA and UK. COMPANIES These companies can be either PUBLIC or PRIVATE. There are many types of private companies: -sole trader, a person who owns his own business (ex. a shop keeper); 
 -franchise, someone who manages his own business with the permission of a larger organization (ex. a chain); 
 -partnership, two or more persons working together for their own business; 
 -private limited companies (Ltd), with a maximum of 50 shareholders, who can’t quote their shares on the STOCK EXCHANGE; -public limited companies (Plc), with more than 100 shareholders, who share their prices on the stock exchange. Public companies are: -central government departments, so companies run by the GOVERNMENT (ex. Department of health, of education). It works for the public system; 
 -public corporations, also controlled by the government (ex. broadcasting system, such as RAI in Italy). EMPLOYMENT STATUS There are types of employment status: 
 -EMPLOYEE, the one who has been given the job by the employer; -EMPLOYER, the one who hires people giving them jobs. The one thing that employees and employers have in common is the CONTRACT OF EMPLOYMENT, with which they agree on terms and conditions of employment; -SELF-EMPLOYED, is someone independent who work alone. They don’t have a contract of employment. When we talk about employees we don’t only refer to people over the age of 18 with jobs, but also to YOUNG TEENAGERS under the age of 18, who are sent to companies for a short period of time for an APPRENTICESHIP. This helps them to learn new skills, to get used to the work environment and prepares them for their future careers. There’s a RELATIONSHIP between the school and the company, so the school needs to keep contacts with the company in order to be aware of the teenagers’ health, safety and welfare. TRADE UNIONS Worker’s rights are protected by LABOUR UNIONS, which are associations of people belonging to the same category who have the aim to defend the interests and rights of workers. The labour unions were born as a consequence of the industrial revolution, because there was the need to defend factory workers, who were completely exploited before. Trade unions are still present nowadays, where there has to be an AGREEMENT between employer and workers.