THOMAS ELLIOT 5 anno, Appunti di Inglese

Scarica THOMAS ELLIOT 5 anno e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! THOMAS ELIOT Thomas Eliot was born in St. Louis, Missouri in 1888. He studied at Harvard, at the Sorbonne in Paris and at Oxford, thus giving a cosmopolitan stamp to his education. At the outbreak of the First World War he settled in London. He married Vivienne Haigh-Wood despite her mental instability. His first was the collection of poems 'Prufrock and Other Observations', which established him as a leading avant-garde poet. All this time Vivienne was in poor physical and mental health, and Eliot was under considerable emotional strain. The poem became his refuge where she expressed her horror at her unhappy family life and set aside his personal situation to represent the general crisis of Western culture. In Lausanne he finished his masterpiece The Waste Land. This long poem was published in 1922 after the American poet Ezra Pound had helped reduce it to its final form, and Eliot later dedicated it to Pound himself with "the best craftsman", a quote from Dante's Purgatorio. He published "The Hollow Men," a poem read as a sequel to the philosophical despair of "The Waste Land." In 1927 he joined the Church of Englandfinding the answer to his uncertainties. His critical essays of him are collected in famous books such as The Sacred Wood and Selected Essays. In these essays he has focused on specific problems of style and technique. The importance for the artist to be impersonal and to separate "the man who suffers" from the "mind he creates" In 1948 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature. He died in London in 1965. THOMAS ELIOT ITA Thomas Eliot è nato a St. Louis, Missouri, nel 1888. Ha studiato ad Harvard, alla Sorbona di Parigi e ad Oxford, dando così un'impronta cosmopolita alla sua educazione. Allo scoppio della prima guerra mondiale si stabilisce a Londra Ha sposato Vivienne Haigh-Wood nonostante la sua instabilità mentale. La sua prima opera importante fu la raccolta di poesie "Prufrock and Other Observations", che lo affermò come un importante poeta d'avanguardia. Per tutto questo tempo Vivienne era in cattive condizioni di salute fisica e mentale ed Eliot era sottoposto a una notevole tensione emotiva. La poesia divenne il suo rifugio dove espresse tutto il suo orrore per la sua infelice vita familiare e mette da parte la sua situazione personale per rappresentare la crisi generale della cultura occidentale. A Losanna finí il suo capolavoro The Waste Land. Questo lungo poema fu pubblicato nel 1922 dopo che il poeta americano Ezra Pound aveva contribuito a ridurlo alla sua forma definitiva, ed Eliot lo dedicò in seguito allo stesso Pound con "il miglior artigiano", citazione dal Purgatorio di Dante. Ha pubblicato "The Hollow Men", una poesia letta come sequel della disperazione filosofica di "The Waste Land". Nel 1927 aderì alla Chiesa d'Inghilterra trovando risposta alle proprie incertezze. I suoi saggi critici sono raccolti in libri famosi come The Sacred Wood e Selected Essays. In questi saggi si è concentrato su problemi specifici di stile e tecnica. L'importanza per l'artista di essere impersonale e di separare "l'uomo che soffre" dalla "mente che crea" Nel 1948 fu insignito del Premio Nobel per la letteratura. Morì a Londra nel 1965. THE WASTE LAND The title, the plan and a large part of the symbolism of the poem were suggested by Miss Jessie Weston's book on the Grail legend "From Ritual to Romance" and by another book, "The Golden Bough", by sir lames Frazer. The poem presents a character going to a fortune-teller, receiving a response. The Grail legend tells about a land which is barren because its king "The Fisher King" has been wounded by a spear thrust through his thighs and sexually maimed. A young and pure knight goes in quest of the Holy Grail (the cup which contains the blood from the body of Christ) and reaches a Chapel where the Grail is kept. Only if this knight asks the meaning of the Grail and of the lance that he sees during a procession will the king be healed, and the land reclaimed to fertility. The Fisher King appears to be the mediaeval version of the pre-Christian young men or young gods symbolically revived. The protagonists journey leads him to Chapel Perilous, which suggests the Chapel of the Grail legend and continues to the Ganges river. The quester hears the three commands of the thunder, which are the cure for the meaningless life of the inhabitants of the Waste Land: •DATTA (give), •DAYADHVAM (be compassionate), •DAMYATA (restrain yourselves). The waste land consists of 434 lines divided into the following 5 sections: THE BURIAL OF DEAD which centres on the basic opposition between fertility and sterility, between life and death. A GAME OF CHESS which juxtaposed the present squalor to a past ambiguous splendour. THE FIRE SERMON where the theme of the present alienation is rendered through a loveless, sexual and squalid encounter. DEATH BY WATER which reinforces the idea of a spiritual shipwreck and WHAT THE THUNDER SAID which evoke religions from east and west. An American by birth, a cosmopolitan by education and vocation, Eliot possessed a wide and deep knowledge of the masterpiece of world literature. The waste land dedicated to Ezra Pound il "miglior fabbro" is based on various legends it portrays London as a steel, waste land and expresses the depression and cynicism of the post war period. The poem is built on several symbolism, the most important of which are drouthy and flood representing death and rebirth. The main difficult for the readers is to work out a meaning: thoughts are unfinished, the events cannot be located at a particular place, the characters are not clearly defined. The waste land contains the theme of inability to communicate, of sterility, lack of love and corruption. The people of the waste land don't communicate with one another: they recite monologues. It's also possible to discern the motif of pilgrimage and of quest following the course of the themes as it flows through London. The Themes is first associated with the Rhine the great river of German mythology and finally the journey through the waste land concludes to the Ganges the sacred river of India. LA TERRA DESIDERATA Il titolo, lo schema e gran parte del simbolismo del poema sono stati suggeriti dal libro di Miss Jessie Weston sulla leggenda del Graal "From Ritual to Romance" e da un altro libro, "The Golden Bough", di sir lames Frazer. La poesia presenta un personaggio che va da