Scarica VICKINGS - DOMESDAY BOOK - FEUDALISM e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! 1) DA DOVE VENIVANO I VICHINGHI E PERCHE’ INVASERO LA BRITANNIA? In 793 a people coming from northern Europe (Norway, Sweden and Denmark) attacked the Holy Island of Lindisfarne and this fact marked the beginning of Viking’s era. Those fierce, pagan warrios invaded Englend with their ships and they conquered it in a short time attracted by the riches. In this time, the main political power in the world were Bizantium in the east, the Muslim and the Franks, who took power after the fall of the Roman Empire in the west. Charlesmagne, the ruler of the Franks, was crowned by Pope Leo III in the Christmas’s night in 800. The christians monastrise in northern Europe were simbolically important and the Viking’s violense was considered as a battle between religious cultures. In 865 the Great Heathen Army invaded all England expect the wessex because of King Alfred. He was not only a military leader but he also made the first English law and he divided the country into shires. After him reigned Edward the confessor. In 990 the Viking turned in England but the policy of the Danage (a tax that the Danish gave to Viking to keep them away) was practise regurarly. 2) I CAMBIAMENTI RADICALI DOPO L’INVASIONE NORMANNA. Edward the confessor died childless in January 1066 so come to power his brother-in-law Harold. But William, duke of Normandy, asserted that Edward had promised him the throne, so he prepared the invasion. Harold and William fought on 14th October at Hastings. This meeteng is one of the most famous moment in the English history. The winner was William and Harold died. With his death, he left the country without a king to oppose William. The next years, William had to defend himself and his country from numerous attacks but over time, he was able to impose his authority. The norman invasions brought sweeping changes: first of all the feudal system; new languages spreaded and many churches and castels were built. The french was the languages spoken by the ruling class, the latin by monks and the diplomacy and the Old English by poor. 3) PARLAMI DEL SISTEMA FEUDALE. The feudal system was an hierarchical system. The land was owned by the king and held by the tenants, wich were giving military and other service. The barons was the chief tenants, then there were the knights (the ones who fought) and finally the poor. The agriculture land was divided following the manorial system. The lord, or barons lived in the manor and the rest of the arable land was gave to the pesants. They were divided in villans and servants. The difference was that the first were free, and the seconds had to give their service to lord. It was a static system. The power of the church was parallel to the power of the king but it was outside the feudal system. All people had to promise loyalty to lord and this pomise was called ‘homage’. In return, the tenants and pesants obteined protection from the king. 4) COSA E’ IL DOMESDAY BOOK? In 1080 william’s position as a king began to look vulnarable. He was attacked by his eldest son Robert and King Cnut of Denmark. In 1086 he made a land register of his territory to know how much money. This register, called the Domesday book, was so important because it was the first survey of its kind in the whole world. It was divided in 2 volumes and it was called in this way bcause the informations could be used to judge people.
