Modernist Literature: Innovations by Joyce, Eliot, Woolf, and Beckett, Appunti di Inglese

Scarica Modernist Literature: Innovations by Joyce, Eliot, Woolf, and Beckett e più Appunti in PDF di Inglese solo su Docsity! The modernists - including James Joyce, Thomas Stearns Eliot, Virginia Woolf and in some respects Samuel Beckett - therefore feelthe need to deeply innovate even the very tools of literary expression: hence, the rejection of conventions and traditions of the past, to open upto the romance techniques of the stream of consciousness and the inner monologue, or the use of the objective correlative and the analogical procedure, to arrive atthe relief given to the dimension of introspective analysis or the restitution on the stage of nonsense and absurdity of our existence. Modernism isa movement that it developed atthe beginning of twenty century when there was social and intellectual change. It refuses the values of previous age that it says Naturalism and Decadentism to make space to introspection. In fact one of the most important features is give importance to unconscious; an other one is no limit between space and time; the perception of reality as something of subjective etc. The modern novel. Modernists are influenced by the new philosophies and new theories of unconscious. Their novels aren't well planned or with a logical sense of stories but it were confused. In fact they say that isn't necessary the passing of time to reveal a character but it need even one day to know it ifwe analyse the unconscious. They created new methods; as Joyce's epiphany, stream of consciousness andthe interior monologue and refuse the omniscient narrator. James Joice and virginia woolf utilise a subjective narrative techniques. The interior monologue - It was created in twenty century to reproduce the complexity of human mind. It express the unspoken activity of mind before it is ordered in speech, so the confused thoughts. It needs to distinguish it to the stream of consciousness that it is the psychic phenomenon itself not the verbal expression of it. James joyce LIFE: » Was born in DUBLIN>catholic past of Ireland INNER HOME LAND is his OMPHALOS » Educated of jesuit schools » Interest in European culture TRIESTE + Made friends with ITALO SVEVO was born in Trieste + 1914 he writes > DUBLINERS = collection of short stories portraying life in Dublin e in this period begins to write> UL YSSES PARIS e publish Ulysses in 1922 has received both praise and sharp criticism STYLE e influenced by the French Symbolists T.S. ELIOT e the artists task was render life objectively in order to give back to the readers a true image of it. Trough isolation and detachment of the artist from society. e Heuse of FREE DIRECT SPEECH NO COLON NO INVERTED + INTERIOR MONOLOGUE The voice of the character breaks in the prose without the meditation of the mostrator e The prose is held with PUNS e The mostrator disappears history and culture attract him, but in second time he realise that was only an other way to suffocated the individual. Video appunto: Joyce, James (3) the escape from his reality Among the artists who lived in this period it is worth to underline the personality of James Joyce, who distinguished himself for many innovative narration techniques. The main ones are the stream of consciousness and the interior monologue which are used to recreate the characters’ intimate thoughts that flow freely and random. His major peculiarity was the connection between the themes of his works and his private life: the principal character of the short story Eveline (included in Dubliners) tried to escape from her native city as he did himself. Joyce is primarily concerned with human relations and to analyse these he uses both linguistic and technical devices which make him the most striking experimentalist in the field of the modern novel. He is, among writers, the one who stressed the importance of language. Joyce is the unsurpassed master of the “stream of consciousness” novel. In his constant probing into the conscious and subconscious mind he superbly handles the “interior monologue” which becomes capable of expressing half - articulate thoughts. Joyce's short collected in Dubliners do not point the way to what was to be the writer's true originality. He said “my intention was to write a chapter of the moral history of my country and | chose Dublin for the scene because that city seemed to me the centre of paralysis. | have to present it to the indifferent public under four of its aspects: childhood, adolescence, maturity and public life. The stories are arranged in this order”. A portrait of the artist as a Young Man. In “The portrait” Stephen Dedalus passes through a succession of influences: family, academic learning, sex, the Catholic faith. The ambition to become a priest is the hardest to resist, for it offers him “secret knowledge and secret power...” Joyce worked for eight years, on Ulysses, the book for which he is best known, and which, in the opinion of many, is the most important work in English prose of the twentieth century. It was published in Paris. In England censorship did not lift its ban before 1933. All the action of the novel takes place in Dublin on June 16, 1904. Its main characters are Leopold Bloom, Stephen Dedalus, and Molly, Bloom's promiscuous wife. Stephen Dedalus (of course Joyce himself), young artist of the previous book, living in a tower on the beach with a medical student. His mother has died tragically after Stephen, an atheist, has refused to give her benediction. His father has turned into a hopeless drunkard. Stephen is thus in search of a father Ulysses. Eventually Stephen finds a father in Leopold Bloom, a middle-aged Jew roaming through Dublin as an outcast on behalf of his religion. Bloom, having lost his own baby-child, needs a son to relieve his loneliness. AII men are exiles in Dublin and the characters in “Ulysses” become symbolic of mankind. The thoughts of the characters are recorded directly, with all the wanderings of actual thinking and without any narrative links or ex-planations. Even more complex is Finnegans Wake, in which Joyce invented a “night language”. The work is comprehensible not only for common readers but also for critics. Virginia woolf Life Virginia Woolf was born in London in 1882. She came from an upper class, in fact both her parents were intellectual. There were many tragic event in her life, such as the death of her mother and two sisters marked a nervous breakdown that will led to migraine attacks and phantom voices in her head. After the death of her father, In 1915 she published her first novel “the voyage out”, and then she attempted. , “Orlando”. She gave lecture, she was also a researcher, in fact she wrote “the common reader”, Interior time Virginia Woolf uses the She is interested in everything happens inside, in particular in the impressions of the characters. She is interest in women's sensibility which has made her a heroine to many feminist. Moments of being MISriSREStSSmESMStMISIAMIANSNSYESSISIBRANI, it is a moment of intensity, perception or vision that illuminate our lives so we be become aware of something that has peach our consciousness. Virginia explains this concept examining an ordinary mind on an ordinary day. We receive many impressions that come to us in every moment of our life. Life is not divided into bit but it is something completed, like a halo that surrounds us. When we receive them so we became aware of something, and this is a moment of being. Mrs. Dalloway - The plot EEEleleebe>PP—=—-—=-v»- or Clarissa Dalloway, the protagonist, is an upper-class housewife, who goes around London in the morning to get ready for the party she will host that evening. During her interrogation, she thinks about her youth in the Bourton campaign and wonders about her choice to marry Richard Dalloway instead of Peter Walsh. When she comes back from buying flowers, Peter visits her at her house: the two have always judged each other harshly and during their meeting their present is intertwined with their past. Years earlier, Clarissa turned down Peter's marriage proposal, and he never forgot and accepted her decision. When he leaves Clarissa's house, in fact, he still thinks about Clarissa's rejection.