Презентация на английском языке по бухгалтерскому учёту, Презентации из Английский язык

Скачай Презентация на английском языке по бухгалтерскому учёту и еще Презентации в формате PDF Английский язык только на Docsity! Professiona l communicati on Professional skills for international accounting 1. Effective communication in accounting 2. Dealing with conflicts in accounting 3. Professional meetings organization 4. Negotiation with stakeholders 5. Professional correspondence \УегЬа| № №оп-уегЬа| ®. 8 у А. Соттитсаноп Verbal communication Verbal communication is all about what we say, which is a crucial way of getting our message across. The words that we choose can make a big difference in whether other people understand us. Consider, for example, communicating with a young child, or with someone who does not speak our language very well. You need to use simple language, short sentences, and check understanding regularly. It is quite different from a conversation with an old friend whom you have known for years, and with whom you may not even need to finish your sentences. Table 1 – Communication lexis template Giving an opinion Expressing approval Expressing rejection Making suggestions - To my opinion… - To my mind… - According to me… - As for me… - If you ask me… - As far as I am concerned… - It sounds convincing. - It is true. - I fully agree with you. - I share your opinion. - I support your idea. - I am fully with you. - That is exactly what I mean. - You read my mind. - I don’t really appreciate this idea. - I have another opinion. - I have a different position. - Our opinions differ. - Allow me to disagree with you. - I can’t support it. - It’s not my cup of tea. - I would like to suggest… - I have the following idea… - let me add another aspect… - I would like to recommend… - I would rather recommend… Linking words Comparison Asking follow-up questions Summarizing - especially - as a result of - consequently - although - therefore - that’s why - meanwhile - nevertheless - in particular - as a matter of fact - basically - taking into account - considering the fact that - according to - On the one hand,… on the other hand,… - comparing the value of … with the value of… - facing the both alternatives … - let’s weigh up / confront the pros and cons - Let’s consider the advantages and disadvantages… - let’s contrast the benefits/assets with drawbacks - What do you think about…? - What do you mean by…? - What is your position about…? - How would you interpret…? - Would you provide me with some more details? - Could I ask you…? - To sum up,… - To conclude,… - As a conclusion, … - To cut the long story short,… - To round it off,… - To come to an end, … - Last but not least,… - Finally,… Саггу 1 Нем ошу А сотЬтабоп оЁ Бадз. 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Р/с. 1- Розшуе апа Медайуе Воду Гапдиаде In the legal and accounting professions, potential conflicts of interest can arise before or during the course of an engagement.  Most firms have policies and procedures in place that govern how conflicts are identified and managed to ensure that client and public interests are not jeopardized.  Conflicts that arise in the accounting profession are very similar to those that occur in the legal profession.  In the accounting world, conflicts frequently occur when a firm provides multiple services to the same client, such as audit, tax, forensic accounting, and bankruptcy services. Accountants often feel overworked, undervalued, and under pressure to ensure the financial wellbeing of their clients is maintained. When tax season comes around, they can feel especially overwhelmed.  This stress can leave accountants vulnerable to disputes with others, including colleagues, partners, and even clients. Some of the main causes of stress among accountants include: ● Heavy workloads ● Office politics ● Feeling undervalued ● Long hours and stressful peak seasons 2. Dealing with conflicts in accounting Conflict management is most effective when it’s a preventative measure. Offering training and educational programs to your team of accountants can help you and the firm stay ahead of disruptive conflicts. By improving communication skills and arming the entire staff with best practices for de-escalating conflict, overall negative impacts will drop and the business will feel its impact. Here are some of the benefits of utilizing conflict resolution for accountants: o Improve communication between accountants, staff, and their clients o Enhance morale and productivity that could be negatively impacted by chronic stress and conflict o Prevent legal issues and financial losses that may result from workplace conflict o Eliminate bad PR that may result from unresolved conflict with external entities or clients Types of Meetings There are many different types of meetings; here we focus on those used to: ● Inform ● Consult ● Solve problems ● Make decisions Informing Meetings These are the most straightforward meetings where one member, usually the chairperson, has factual information or a decision which affects all those present, which he/she wishes to communicate. Such meetings tend to be formal as their aims are to give the members a real understanding and to discuss any implications or how to put such information to best use. Consulting Meetings These are meetings used to discuss a specific policy or innovation and can be used to get Participants’views of such a policy or idea. An example could be: ● Review a current policy ● State its deficiencies ● Suggest change ● Stress the advantages of such change ● Admit any weaknesses ● Invite comments The Agenda is the outline plan for the meeting. In most formal meetings it is drawn up by the secretary in consultation with the chairperson. The secretary must circulate the agenda well in advance of the meeting, including any accompanying papers. The secretary also requests items for inclusion in the agenda. Regular meetings often start with the minutes from the last meeting followed by matters Arising’which forms a link with what has happened in the previous meeting. Most meetings conclude with «any other business» (AOB) which gives everyone the opportunity for any genuine last minute items to be raised; though more formal meetings may have AOB items listed on the agenda. An example of an agenda might be: ● Apologies for absence. ● Minutes of last meeting. ● Matters arising (from minutes of last meeting). ● Item 1 -Training & Development. ● Item 2 - Report on Funding. ● Item 3 - Finance & Equipment. ● A.O.B. (Any Other Business). ● Time and date of next meeting. There can, of course, be more items on the agenda. The Agenda 4. Negotiation with stakeholders Negotiation is a critical skill for accountants. Whether you negotiate externally with vendors, clients and regulators, or internally with co-workers, your negotiation skills determine your ability to get your work done efficiently, build strong relationships and meet the interests of your organization. A stakeholder is any person or entity that has an interest in a business or project. Stakeholders can have a significant impact on decisions regarding the operations and finances of an organization. Examples of stakeholders are investors, creditors, employees, and even the local community. Pic. 3 – Types of stakeholders Negotiating tips for management accountants: 1)Do your homework. Understand what’s important to the other negotiating party and the things you can offer that they will really value. Bevan said: “It’s much easier to negotiate from a position of knowledge than … from a position of guesswork.” In a sales negotiation the danger of using guesswork is that you will nearly always undervalue yourself or your product because it is easier to sell cheaper. 2) Practice before the negotiation. When you go into a negotiation, plan and prepare in advance for likely objections that will arise. Practice in front of a mirror so that you’re not hearing your own words on the topic for the first time in the meeting. 3) Spend time listening and questioning. Understand fully what you can offer in the negotiation and the stresses that could be influencing your negotiating counterpart. 4)Get the right balance between sharing and withholding information. Sharing information can create extra value in the negotiation, but oversharing can damage your bargaining position. 5. Professional correspondence For accountants, effective writing skills can be as important as the ability to crunch the numbers. Your professional development and competitive edge depend as much on your ability to communicate what you’ve found as the findings and recommendations themselves. Financial tasks like recording income, budget preparation, and bill paying require good use of mathematics, as well as, language. Therefore, business writing ought to be just as important as good arithmetic for accountants. Although these financial professionals don’t have to be poets, they do need to get their point across regularly - and easily - for their clients who aren’t well versed in accounting terminology. Whether it’s drafting a report for investors or replying to a client’s email, accountants need to communicate well. Accountants have plenty of writing they need to do frequently. First of all, there are technical documents like analysis of business performance or financial reports. While this kind of writing tends to be packed full of data, there should be a clear explanation. Management and clients have to be able to understand these documents, too. Failure to properly communicate can lead to trouble and misunderstandings. Accountants are masters of data and numbers. However, as logical as their jobs may be, they shouldn’t neglect their writing abilities. All accountants can benefit from possessing and continuing to improve their writing skills. It is important to understand essential characteristics of business correspondence, use the right structure while writing letters and e-mails and use proper lexis. Essential characteristics of business correspondence 1. Simplicity: A business letter should be simple. It should be written in a lucid (easy) language so that it is clear to the receiver. The language can be similar to that of social letters as long 2. Conversational style: An effective letter is one that gives an impression of face to face communication. Letters are the written media by which sender of the message speaks to the receiver. Hence a letter should be written in a conversational style. Conversational style is interactive in nature and is more or less informal. 3. Clarity of goal: The writer should be clear about what he wishes to convey. He should keep all the facts and figures of the information handy. The letter should be written in such a way that it reflects the goal clearly and easily. There must not be any ambiguity. 4. Public relation: Business letters reflect the image of the organization. All business letters should therefore be drafted keeping in mind the objective of enhancing the organizations goodwill, image and public relations. 5. The ‘You’ attitude: The business letters should be written keeping in mind the reader’s point of view. It should be able to convey the sender’s interest in the reader. For this the ‘You’ attitude should be adopted. The T’s and ‘We’s’ should be avoided and more of ‘You’s’ should be included. This will show the sender’s interest in the reader. Essential characteristics of business correspondence 6. Courteous: The business letter should be courtious. Courtesy implies that the letter seeks favour politely and expresses gratitude profusely for the favours done. Thus the language of the letter should be polite and appealing. 7. Persuading: The basic idea behind every business correspondence is to persuade the reader be it a sales letter, letter of enquiry or letter of complaint. Thus to persuade the reader in an effective way the piece of correspondence should be well written. So as to persuade the reader in ones favour. 8. Sincere: The business letters should be sincere. This means that the letter should be written in such a way that the readers believe what the letter says. It should not hide reality. It should also be free from hypocracy making tall claims. The matter should be stated erectly and genuinely. 9. Positive language: The words of the letter should be chosen with care. As far as possible the language of the piece of letter should be positive. The use of negative words should be avoided as it gives an impression of negative outlook and approach. 10. Due emphasis: Proper emphasis should be put on the content of the piece of correspondence. This requireslogical thinking on the part of the writer. The writer should himself be clear in his mind what he wants to convey. Structural Component Purpose Examples Subject Line Provides core content of the email “Requesting information about X,” “Interested in learning about X” Greeting Creates more or less formal tone Follows convention “Dear Professor X,” “Dear Ms. Surname,” “Dear Recruiter,” “Dear Jaime,” “Hello Dr. Surname,” “Hi Mr. Surname,” “Hi Jaime,” “Hey Jaime” Pleasantry A politeness strategy that establishes human connection with recipient “I hope you’re well” “Thanks for getting back to me” “I hope you had a good weekend” Identification of self Depends on how well you know the recipient. Possible purposes include: - Introducing self for first time - Reminding recipient how you met or got his/her contact information - Informing instructor which class you’re in “My name is Jaime Smith. Professor Smart gave me your email address” “This is Jaime Smith from section B of your Corporate Finance class” “My name is Jaime Smith. We met last week at the Technical Opportunities Conference at Carnegie Mellon University” Reason for email Lets recipient know early on what to do with the email. Keep in mind: - Your purpose may need to be softened depending on the recipient’s status and on what you’re asking him/her to do for you. - You may want to describe the situation in a sentence or two before stating your purpose “I was hoping I could meet with you to discuss…” “I know you’re busy, but would you be able to review my X when you have time? “I’m interested in learning more about X” “I have an update on X” “Would it be possible for us to meet and discuss the possibility of you writing a strong letter of recommendation for my X application?” Describe situation Provides context by describing the situation and purpose of the email in more detail Will vary in length and detail depending on the nature of the situation and purpose of the email. Action plan Tells recipient what he/she can expect from you next, including available meeting times, information/documents you can provide, etc. Also provide an opportunity to give the recipient an “out” “I would be more than happy to meet at your convenience” “If you’re free, I’m available to meet on X day at X time” “If you’re willing to look over my proposal, could you possibly do it within the next two weeks?” “If you have some free time, would you be able to give me a call?” Closing line Expresses gratitude/contrition Emphasizes action items. “Thank you for taking the time to consider my request” “I really appreciate the help you’ve given me” Table 3 - Basic Structure of an Email Professional lexis for e-mail communications Below is a list of Email Sign-Offs that can be used under different types of situations. Although there is no ‘one right answer’ this list should serve as a great starting point in helping you to properly close our Email communications depending upon the the relationship, tone, and situational parameters. General Professional Emails: ● Regards / Best Regards ● Sincerely ● Respectfully ● Cordially Professional or Personal Emails expressing Warmth: ● Warmly / With Warmth ● Kind(est) / Warm(est) Regards ● Truly / Yours Truly ● Best / Best Wishes / All the best ● Continued Success Informal Emails that can also be used professionally: ● Have a great day / weekend / holiday ● Enjoy your day / weekend / holiday ● Cheers! ● Good /Great job! ● Keep up the good work! ● Thanks!!! Thank you for attention